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Gallery II

A county of saints and ships

Fifteen centuries of Pembrokeshire history: pilgrims and cathedrals, Norman castles, the birthplace of a king, a French invasion, and a waterway that shaped the modern county.

Exhibit 07St Davids Cathedral
Early medieval

Saints and the smallest city

Pembrokeshire was a land of early Christian saints. St David, the patron saint of Wales, is linked with the far western peninsula that now bears his name, and the place became a major centre of pilgrimage.

Today St Davids, with its medieval cathedral and the ruins of the Bishop's Palace, is the smallest city in the United Kingdom.

St Davids CathedralBishop's PalacePilgrimage
Exhibit 08A Norman stronghold
Norman & medieval

Castles and the Landsker

After the Norman conquest, south Pembrokeshire was settled and secured with castles — Pembroke, Carew, Manorbier and others. The north largely kept its Welsh language and customs.

This divide is remembered as the Landsker, an old boundary between the two halves of the county. Manorbier was the birthplace of the writer and churchman Gerald of Wales.

Pembroke CastleCarew CastleManorbier Castle
Exhibit 09The Tudor crown
1457 & 1485

The birth of a Tudor king

Henry Tudor was born at Pembroke Castle in 1457. Years later, returning from exile, he landed at Mill Bay near Dale in 1485 and marched through Wales to victory at Bosworth, becoming King Henry VII.

The dynasty he founded would rule England and Wales for more than a century.

Pembroke CastleMill Bay, Dale
Exhibit 10Ships off the north coast
1797

The last invasion of Britain

In February 1797, a French force landed at Carregwastad Point near Fishguard. Within days the invaders surrendered to local forces.

The story has gathered many legends, especially around Jemima Nicholas, a local woman said to have captured a group of French soldiers single-handed. A memorial stone now marks the landing place.

Carregwastad PointFishguardJemima Nicholas
Exhibit 11A Royal Navy ship on the stocks
1814 onwards

Shipyards, whaling and the sea

The Royal Dockyard at Pembroke Dock was established in 1814 and built ships for the Royal Navy for more than a century, until its closure in 1926.

Across the Haven, the new town of Milford was founded in the late eighteenth century, with whalers among its early settlers, and later grew as a fishing port. In the twentieth century the deep waters of the Haven made it a major centre for the oil industry.

Pembroke DockMilford HavenThe Haven waterway
Coming next: galleries on farming and rural life, coal mining in the south of the county, the slate and stone industries, and the creation of the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park in 1952.